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A study of Harbrick and Albright (2016) reported 19 – 23 kWh per kg of lettuce grown in an enclosed structure, in comparison to 7-8 kWh per kg of lettuce grown in other cities worldwide (Ahamed, 2023).
Using exclusively electricity from photovoltaics, some environmental benefits could be achieved for crops with a low dry matter content like lettuce, but this is more limited for dried crops like wheat.
Here, we review the state of the art of vertical farming, with the aim to provide quantitative data on productivity and environmental performance, with a focus on resource use efficiency, which can also be used for be...
The energy usage intensity in vertical farms typically ranges from 850 to 1150 kilowatt-hours per square meter per year, with lettuce production often requiring between 10 and 18 kilowatt-hours per kilogram.
The majority of farming scenarios (except SP3 and SP4) had very similar impacts per kilogramme of lettuce (0.55–0.59 kg CO2eq kg−1 lettuce) produced, even across very different yields per land area.
In this manuscript, an assessment of the energy consumption and cost related to the energy demands of a vertical farm’s growth chamber, specifically for lettuce production, has been conducted.
Improving energy efficiency and consuming renewable energy in vertical farms can significantly improve the carbon intensity of food produced using this technology.
In this context, the present study aims to determine the effects of different planting densities on lettuce and basil biomass production, morphological and physiological adaptations, as well as light and energy use ef...
In this study, researchers from the University of Surrey compared the environmental impacts of growing lettuce in fields and vertical farms.
Lettuce yield (as fresh weight, FW, per cultivation area) in vertical farms commonly averages 60 to 105 kg FW m −2 year −1, with energy use efficiency of approximately 0.08–0.13 kg FW kWh −1, and water use efficiency ...
